RESUMO
Three personal protection methods were evaluated against phlebotomine sand flies in Panama. Skin applications of five selected repellents including deet (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) provided a mean coefficient of protection (CP) of 99.2% against the attack of at least three sand fly species. Deet-treated net jackets also provided good protection, but it was concluded that an additional application of repellent to the unprotected face was necessary for maximum protection. Permethrin-treated clothing did not provide the protection expected. Apparently sand fly behavior and resistance to quick knock-down were responsible for the numbers of bites recorded, and therefore maximum protection from bites would require application of deet or another suitable repellent to the exposed skin when wearing permethrin-treated clothing.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/prevenção & controle , Repelentes de Insetos , Insetos Vetores , Phlebotomus , Animais , Vestuário , DEET , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/prevenção & controle , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/transmissão , Panamá , Permetrina , PiretrinasAssuntos
Dípteros/fisiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ilhas Virgens AmericanasAssuntos
Dípteros/fisiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ilhas Virgens AmericanasRESUMO
A deterministic simulation model was used to establish the potential value of releasing male-linked translocation heterozygotes as a control measure for Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. Theoretical population reductions exceeding 90% were obtained within 90 and 120 days after releases at initial ratios of 5 translocation males (TM): 1 normal male (NM) and 1 TM: 1 NM, respectively. Additional simulations emphasized the importance of the need for a method that would eliminate females from the release material. Releases containing 15% females were less effective than those with none. When a malaria subroutine was included in the model, the calculations showed that all the theoretical releases greatly reduced the number of malaria-infective females and therefore would have a profound effect on transmission of the disease. The number of malaria-infective females present was eliminated completely when only translocation males were released; however, a small number were present when the releases contained 15% females. Male-linked translocation males required longer periods of time to bring about population control than males that were completely sterile.
Assuntos
Anopheles/genética , Computadores , Malária/prevenção & controle , Translocação Genética , Animais , Feminino , Fertilidade , Heterozigoto , Malária/transmissão , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
Sustained releases of the microhymenopteran pupal parasite Spalangia endius, at a commercial poultry installation in north Florida, completely suppressed a population of houseflies with in 35 days.
Assuntos
Moscas Domésticas , Himenópteros , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Vespas , Animais , Aves Domésticas , Pupa , Estações do AnoAssuntos
Culicidae/fisiologia , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , PopulaçãoAssuntos
Anopheles , Esterilizantes Químicos , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , DDT , El Salvador , Feminino , Masculino , Métodos , Resíduos de Praguicidas , Propoxur , Pupa , Reprodução , Estações do AnoAssuntos
Culicidae , Modelos Biológicos , Crescimento Demográfico , Animais , Feminino , Fertilidade , Infertilidade Masculina , Controle de Insetos , Masculino , Mortalidade , Probabilidade , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Esterilizantes Químicos , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Anopheles/fisiologia , Culex/fisiologia , Feminino , Larva , Masculino , Métodos , Densidade Demográfica , Pupa , Estatística como Assunto , TiotepaAssuntos
Repelentes de Insetos , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Culicidae , Humanos , Métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper reviews and discusses a technique that can be used to study the dynamics of populations under the influence of favourable or unfavourable environmental factors or the stress of population control. It is encouraging for those interested in the sterility approach to pest control that the reproductive success of insects with a reputedly high biotic potential is limited to relatively low rates under field conditions. Further studies are needed under other conditions, in other areas, and with other species.
